Introduction: Due to the worldwide prevalence of diabetes, the disease has become a pandemic giving much more weight to its side effects. One of the chronic complications related to diabetes is Diabetic Nephropathy that leads to notable rate of death. Microalbuminuria is one of the determinants that predicts the onset of diabetic nephropathy.Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 369 type 2 diabetic patients who referred to a diabetes clinic in karaj. A questionnaire inquiring the participants’ age, gender, duration of diabetes and family history of diabetes was filled out. Body Mass Index (BMI) and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), the levels of Creatinin, Cholesterol, Triglyceride as well as HbA1C measurements were examined. Then, the twelve-hour urine samples collected from the patients with standard method s were examined for urine culture, urine analysis and urine albumin.Results: Out of 369 patients, 309 (83.7%) were diagnosed as normoalbuminuric (Albumin excretion less than 20 mcg/min), 57 (15.5%) were microalbuminuric (Albumin excretion between 20- 200 mcg/min) and 3 (0.8%) were macroalbuminuric (Albumin excretion more than 200 mcg/min). Statistically, there was a significant difference between blood creatinin, BMI and HbA1C of patients in two groups of microalbuminuria and normoalbuminuria, but there were no significant differences in age, sex, duration of diabetes, family history of diabetes, blood pressure, and hyperlipidemia between the two groups of the study. Because of the small sample size of macroalbuminuric patients, statistical analyses on this group are not considered valid. Conclusion: In the mentioned population, the prevalence rate of microalbuminuria is 15.5 percentage and the increase of blood creatinin, BMI as well as the indication of poor blood Glucose control are among the risk factors that cause microalbuminuria.

Aims Diabetic nephropathy is one of the consequences of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and one of the main causes of End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) as well as an important risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and death. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for diabetic nephropathy in diabetic patients. Instruments & Methods In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 121 patients (66 females and 55 males) with type 2 diabetes in Karbala, Iraq from October 2019 to April 2021were studied. In the first stage, a complete history of the patients was taken and then a physical examination was performed. After that, 5 ml of aspirated blood and 100 ml of urine were collected from each patient and both were sent to the laboratory for biochemical tests and urinalysis. The collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 22 software and Chi-square test. Findings Out of 121 diabetic patients, 77 (63. 6%) had diabetic nephropathy. The incidence of diabetic nephropathy was higher in men than women. There was a significant relationship between age, persistent hyperglycemia, obesity, and duration of diabetes with diabetic nephropathy (p<0. 05). Conclusion Age, persistent hyperglycemia, obesity and duration of diabetes are involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy in diabetic patients.